Romania continues to be one of the most active jurisdictions in Europe when it comes to tax digitalisation. Over the last few years, businesses have moved from traditional tax reporting towards increasingly detailed digital reporting obligations. What started with transactional reporting through RO e-Factura has expanded into granular accounting data reporting through SAF-T and now extends to entirely new compliance frameworks such as Pillar Two for large multinational groups.
For finance and tax teams, the challenge is no longer understanding individual obligations. The challenge is managing multiple reporting streams simultaneously while ensuring consistency across accounting records, tax returns and digital submissions.
- RO e-Factura: Now a core business process
RO e-Factura has become a standard component of the Romanian compliance landscape. Domestic B2B transactions have been subject to mandatory electronic invoicing through the RO e-Factura system since 2024. Since 1 January 2025, the obligation has also been extended to B2C transactions, subject to the specific rules and exceptions provided by the legislation.
In practice, this means that a significant majority of invoices issued by Romanian businesses are now expected to pass through the national electronic invoicing platform.
The practical impact extends well beyond invoice issuance. Businesses increasingly need to ensure that:
- ERP systems are properly integrated with the RO e-Factura platform;
- invoice approval processes are aligned with statutory transmission deadlines;
- controls exist to monitor rejected invoices and validation errors;
- accounting and VAT processes are reconciled with data submitted through the system.
For many organisations, e-Factura is no longer viewed as a tax reporting requirement but as a core operational process.
- SAF-T: Focus shifts from periodic reporting to data quality
While e-Factura focuses on individual transactions, SAF-T provides the Romanian tax authorities with access to significantly broader accounting and tax data. Depending on the taxpayer category and reporting frequency, companies submit accounting information, tax information and transactional data through the SAF-T framework. The quality and consistency of the reported data remain key areas of focus for tax authorities and taxpayers alike.
One area that often receives less attention is the Fixed Assets section of the SAF-T return.
Unlike the periodic SAF-T filings, information relating to fixed assets is reported separately through the dedicated Fixed Assets submission. The deadline is linked to the deadline for filing the annual financial statements for the relevant financial year. For taxpayers applying a modified financial year, this means that the deadline follows the filing deadline applicable to that modified financial year and not necessarily the standard statutory deadline applicable to calendar-year taxpayers.
This distinction is particularly important for groups operating under a non-calendar financial year, as the timing of the Fixed Assets reporting may differ from the timeline commonly associated with annual statutory reporting.
As tax authorities continue to leverage SAF-T data in audit selection and risk assessment processes, data quality is becoming just as important as timely submission.
- Pillar Two: The Next Layer of Tax Compliance
While e-Factura and SAF-T focus primarily on domestic reporting and transparency, Pillar Two introduces a completely different type of compliance requirement.
Romania implemented the OECD Global Minimum Tax rules through Law no. 431/2023, with the rules generally applying from 1 January 2024 to large multinational and domestic groups meeting the EUR 750 million consolidated revenue threshold. The framework includes the Qualified Domestic Minimum Top-up Tax (QDMTT), the Income Inclusion Rule (IIR) and, from 2025, the Undertaxed Profits Rule (UTPR).
For many in-scope groups, 2026 represents the first major compliance milestone.
For the transition year (FY2024), reporting and payment obligations generally benefit from the transitional 18-month filing period, bringing the first significant filing deadline to 30 June 2026 for calendar-year groups.
In Romania, the QDMTT is reported through the mechanisms made available by ANAF, including the dedicated reporting fields integrated into existing tax forms.
Unlike traditional tax compliance processes, Pillar Two requires extensive coordination between tax, accounting, finance, legal and group reporting functions. Data collection, safe harbour assessments, entity classification and reconciliation of financial reporting information remain among the most significant implementation challenges.
Looking Ahead
Romania’s tax digitalisation journey is far from complete. What is becoming increasingly clear is that tax compliance can no longer be managed as a year-end exercise. Companies are expected to maintain consistent, high-quality data across multiple reporting systems, often with overlapping information requirements and increasingly sophisticated tax authority analytics.
Whether dealing with e-Factura, SAF-T or Pillar Two, successful compliance increasingly depends on one factor: the ability to produce reliable data, supported by robust processes, before the filing deadline arrives.
